Methane Generation from Livestock Waste.

4 p

How to Farm on the Contour

Results in South Dakota from contour farming during the past few years have shown that it is a valuable conservation practice. The results that may be expected from farming on the contour include soil and moisture conservation, increased yields, lower power and fuel requirements, erosion control, and in many instances a saving of time in field operations. The thousands of farmers in the state who have now changed from up and down hill farming to contouring, or level farming, are proof of the value of this conservation measure. Contour farming pays immediate dividends and also assists in· saving the soil for future generations. (See more in text.

Soil Conservation: An Elementary Discussion for Use in Grade School

Problem: Soil erosion and water losses in various places in South Dakota have become a serious handicap in growing crops and producing livestock. Dust storms and swollen streams have represented a great loss of water and soil in this state during the past few years. Although South Dakota is a comparatively new state in agriculture, much of its land already is rapidly losing its productivity, and many acres of land have been injured by erosion. This condition creates a problem that faces the boys and girls, as well as their elders, in this state today. The problem is to save the soil, in order that it may be farmed with a profit for years and years to come by future generations

Fiber Probe

Author Institution: Lawrence Livermore National LaboratorySlides presented at the 7th Annual Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) Workshop held at Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 22-23, 2012

The Frank Church Papers: A Summary Guide Including the Papers of Bethine C. Church and Carl Burke

In 1980, when Frank Church lost his bid for a fitth term in the United States Senate, he decided to give his extensive collection of papers to Stanford University, his alma mater. The collection was transferred to Stanford in 1980-1981. Early in 1984, Senator Church reassessed the prospect of having his papers outside of Idaho. Church approached Boise State University about our willingness to be the repository of choice and received a confirmation of interest. Church then wrote the president of Stanford University requesting that institution release his papers to Boise State. Stanford graciously acceded. Before Boise State could house the papers, it was necessary to construct appropriate quarters. To do so, 2,500 square feet of Library space was assigned to the Church Room. In this area, a large workroom and an exhibit/seminar room were constructed with financial assistance from the university and the Idaho State Board of Education. The facility was provided with separate air conditioning and humidity control so that the temperature could be kept at 68 degrees and the humidity at 40 percent, levels best suited for preserving paper. The papers were received from Stanford in April 1984, and transferred to their new quarters in August 1984. Publicity of the transfer reached all the way to Washington where the Information Security Oversight Office, which receives its policy direction from the National Security Council, invited itself to Boise to examine the Church Papers for classified documents. Mrs. Church and members of the Church staff who were contacted by the University gave assurance that no such papers were in the files. We so notified Washington, and declined their offer of coming to Boise to search through the collection. Now that the processing of the Papers is complete, that decision has proven correct. No classified documents were found.https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/uni_books/1001/thumbnail.jp

Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium stellar spectroscopy with 1D and 3D models - II. Chemical properties of the Galactic metal-poor disc and the halo

From exploratory studies and theoretical expectations it is known that simplifying approximations in spectroscopic analysis (LTE, 1D) lead to systematic biases of stellar parameters and abundances. These biases depend strongly on surface gravity, temperature, and, in particular, for LTE vs. non-LTE (NLTE) on metallicity of the stars. Here we analyse the [Mg/Fe] and [Fe/H] plane of a sample of 326 stars, comparing LTE and NLTE results obtained using 1D hydrostatic models and averaged models. We show that compared to the NLTE benchmark, all other three methods display increasing biases towards lower metallicities, resulting in false trends of [Mg/Fe] against [Fe/H], which have profound implications for interpretations by chemical evolution models. In our best NLTE model, the halo and disc stars show a clearer behaviour in the [Mg/Fe] - [Fe/H] plane, from the knee in abundance space down to the lowest metallicities. Our sample has a large fraction of thick disc stars and this population extends down to at least [Fe/H] ~ -1.6 dex, further than previously proven. The thick disc stars display a constant [Mg/Fe] ~ 0.3 dex, with a small intrinsic dispersion in [Mg/Fe] that suggests that a fast SN Ia channel is not relevant for the disc formation. The halo stars reach higher [Mg/Fe] ratios and display a net trend of [Mg/Fe] at low metallicities, paired with a large dispersion in [Mg/Fe]. These indicate the diverse origin of halo stars from accreted low-mass systems to stochastic/inhomogeneous chemical evolution in the Galactic halo.Comment: 15 pages, accepted for publication in Ap

Comprehensible legal texts - utopia or a question of wording? On processing rephrased German court decisions

This paper presents a study on the comprehensibility of rephrased syntactic structures in German court decisions. While there are a number of studies using psycholinguistic methods to investigate the comprehensibility of original legal texts, we are not aware of any study looking into the effect resolving complex structures has on the comprehensibility. Our study combines three methodological steps. First, we analyse an annotated corpus of court decisions, press releases and newspaper reports on these decisions in order to detect those complex structures in the decisions which distinguish them from the other text types. Secondly, these structures are rephrased into two increasingly simple versions. Finally, all versions are subjected to a self paced reading experiment. The findings suggest that rephrasing greatly enhances the comprehensibility for the lay reader